Transmission of electrical impulses.



G. MUSSO.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES.

APPLICATION HLED ocT. 27. 1914. RENEWEDSEPT. 7. 1915.

1,182,300. Patented May 9,1916.

'2 SHEETSSHEET I.

, G. MUSSO.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES. APPLICATION FILED OCT-27,1914. RENEWED SEPT-7.191?)- 1,182,300, Patented May 9, 1916.

2 SHEETS*SHEET 2.

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[:KIIIIZIIIIZI STATES PATENT orrron.

GIUSEPPE MUSSO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSE-S.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Original application filed November '21, 1910, Serial No. 593,550. Divided and this application filed October 27, 1914, Serial No. 868,911.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GrUsEPPE MU'sso, a subject of the King of Italy, and resident of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Transmission of Electrical Impulses, of which the following is a specification. 1

This invention relates to thetransmission of electrical impulses over circuits of high inductive capacity and, particularly, to a method of improving, both in quality and efficiency, the transmission of telegraphic and telephonic messagesover long distance circuits, constituted of either cables or open wires.

In .carrying out my-invention, I impress upon the main line an'impulse of predetermined characteristics, suitable to overcome the impedance of the line, this impulse being the result of the discharge from the electromagnetic field produced by an inductance coil inserted in a local circuit of low ohmic resistance, in series with a battery or other suitable source of electromotive force. By this arrangement, knowing the characteristics of the main line and, consequently, the retardation that an impulse would be subjected to if sent directly from a battery, 11. e. the amount the voltage would lag behind the current, the self-inductance of the local circuit can be adjusted so as to establish, in said circuit, conditions directly opposite to those in the main line, e. the self-inductance being so proportioned as to balance or neutralize the electro-static capacity of the main line, thus causing 'the current to lag behind the voltage to an equal amount or degree as the voltage will lag or be retarded by the capacity of the main line. The impulse will start, bearing the prevailing characteristics of the local circuit but it will be gradually aifected'by the opposite characteristics of the main line circuit until, upon reaching the receiving end of the main line, the components of each impulse, i. e. the voltage and amperage, will appear to be in phase, or nearly so, while no trace of the usual retardation in operating the line will be experienced. This phenomenon proves that I have succeeded in virtually reducing, by neutralization, the impedance of the line to its ohmic resistance only.

the accompanying drawings, like parts Renewed September 7, 1915. SerialNo. 49,875.

in the several views have been given the same reference numerals.

Figure 1 1s a diagrammatic view of a ,Patented May 9, 1916.

hand operated transmitting device. F'g. 2

1s a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the device being operated. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, illustrating an automatic method of operating the transmitting device. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view, showing a transmitting device similar to Fig. 1, arranged for using a number of local circuits, arranged to send impulses having different characteristics and polarity, with the same line. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a method for automatically operating the device by means of a perforated ribbon to transmit successive impulses. Figs. 6 and 7 represent portions of perforated ribbons to be used in connection with the device as illustrated in Fig. 5.

Referring to Figsl and 2, the operating lever 12, carrying a cross-arm 14, bothof conducting material, is pivotally mounted at P and also provided with an insulated operating handle 13. A battery is shown at 2 and an inductance coil at 3, which is provided with means for adjusting the selfinductance thereof. C represents a condenser or a number of condensers, any one or more of which may be connected in the circuit by means of a plug switch, thus giving an adjustable capacity. A variable noninductive resistance is shown at R, connected in series with the condensers C. The main line is shown at 1 and may be grounded at one end and connected at the opposite. end to the operating lever 12. A ground line is shown at 8, leading to the ground The battery 2 and the inductance coil 3 are connected in series and form part of a local circuit which is normally closed, as shown in Fig. 1, from the battery 2 through the inductance coil 3, line 5, contact 6, line 7, line 11, contact 10 and line 9.

Ascertaining the characteristics of the main line 1, I adjust or proportion'the inductance and output of the solenoid or coil 3; utilizing, if necessary, the adjustable capacity C, the adjustable non-inductivejresistance R and the battery 2; so as to produce conditions opposite to those existing in the main line, whereby the impulses from the local circuit will be out of phase at the start, i. 6., the current will lag behind the voltage equal to the amount or degree which phase. This leaves only the ohmic resistance of the main line to be overcome, which I accomplish by increasing the output or intensity of the impulses from the inductance coil .3. This coil is constructed by using the least possible amount of iron in the core and the smallest number of turns of wire having the largest cross section to give the impulses required. The low ohmic resistance of the.

coil and the small amount of iron in the core permits the rapid fluctuations of currentin the coil and resultant rapid fluctuations in the intensity of the field, producing a discharge, or series of discharges of maximum intensity suflicient to overcome, the ohmic.re sistance of the line and to cause the impulses to reach thedistant end of the main line having ample intensity or strength to operate the receiver.

The operation of the device, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is as follows: When it is desired to send an impulse over the line 1, the lever 12 is moved to the right or left. Assuming the same to have been moved to the left to the position shown in Fig" 2, the

end 16 of the cross-arm l4-first closes the circuit from the main line 1 to the ground through theline 8 and then opens the contact 10 from the line 11. This causes the discharge of the inductance coil 3 upon the main line, the local circuit from which this discharge is obtained may be traced in Fig. 2 from the battery 2 through the line 9,

. cross-arm 14, lever 12 to the main line 1 "and ground, line 8, line 7, contact 6, line 5 to the inductance coil 3. Whenthe lever 12 is returned to its central or neutral position, as shown in Fig. 1, the contact 10 first closes the local circuit through the line 11 and then the end 16 of the cross-arm 14 disconnects the line 1 therefrom. The local circuit which is now closed may be-traced in Fig. 1 from the battery 2 through the inductance coil 3, line 5, contact 6, line 7, line 11, contact 10 and line 9. During the interval between the closing of the contact 10 and line 11 and before the end 16 of the cross-arm 14 has opened the circuit through the main line 1 the local circuit is still connected therewith, the result being that the current of self-induction, determined by the closing of this circuit will be discharged upon the main line and as'this current has a direction opposite to that of the former impulse, it tends to neutralize any undesirable residual charge received from the battery circuit. If now the lever 12 be moved toward the right, the end 15 of the crossforated ribbon arm 14 will first connect the main line 1 to the local circuit and then the contact 67 will be opened, thus sending upon the line an impulse opposite in direction to the one sent by the movement of the lever 12 to the I left. This circuit may be traced from the battery 2 through inductance coil 3, line 5, cross-arm 14, lever 12 to the line 1 and ground, through line 8, line'11, contact 10 and line 9 to battery. It is thus possible to is moved successively from its'central posi-- tion to one side only.

In Fig. 3 the circuits are the same as in Figs. 1 and 2. A polarized operating mag- I net 19-20 is provided with an armature 17 carrying the lever 12. It will be understood that the magnet 19-20 can be operated by any suitable automatic device to move the lever 12 and cause the impulses to be sent over the line in the manner just described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 presents an arrangement similar to Fig. 1, except that a number of local circuits are provided, which make it possible not only to send impulses of opposite polarity over the line but also impulses of different characteristics in either direction by simply adjusting the relative output of the batteries 153 and 29 and the relative self-inductance of the adjustable inductance coils 100 and 28. r

In Fig. 5 is shown a modification of the device shown in Fig. 1, in which the operation of opening and closing the circuits is effected by means of a moving ribbon. In this construction three conducting plates 55, 56 and 57 are provided over which a per- 61 is moved, the ribbon being of paper or other suitableinsulating material. The plate is connected with the line 58 and the plate 57 with the line 60, lines 58 and being connected to ground E'through the line 59. The plate 56 has no line connections but operates as connectorbetween the forks 48, 41 and 52, as will be explained. These forks 48, 41 and 52 are, for the purpose of illustration, shown as'provided with sliding contacts 5044, 4342 and 5453, respectively. The main line 40 is connected with the fork 41, which fork corresponds in function to the crossarm 14 of Fig. 1. The line 47 is connected with fork 48 and the line 51 is connected with the fork 52. 'By comparing the arrangement with. that shown in Fig. 1, it will be seen that contact 50 corresponds to the contact 6 of Fig. l, the plate 55 and line i 58 correspond to the line 7 of Fig. 1, the

contact 53 corresponds to contact 10 of Fig.

1 and the plate 57, and line 60, correspond to the line 11 of Fig. 1,, and the line 59 corresponds to the line 8 of Fig. 1. The local .eircuit, including inductance coil 44, condensers C and resistance R, are the same as in Fig. 1.

The operation of the device, as illustrated in Fig. 5, is as follows: The ribbon 61 is moved by any suitable mechanism in the direction of the'arrow. The contact 50 has just been raised from engagement with the plate 55, opening the circuit and causing the impulse to be impressed upon the line. The circuit over which this impulse travels may be traced from battery 46, line 45, inductance coil 44 line,47, fork 48, contact 44, plate 56, contact 43, fork 41 to line 40 and return from ground through line 59, line (30, plate 57, contact 53, fork 52 and line 51. Assuming now that the ribbon continues its movement, the contact 50 will engage the plate 55 through the next perforation in the ribbon, while the contacts 44 and 43 will be raised out of engagement with the plate 56 and contacts 42 and 54 will engage the plate 56 through the next perforation (not shown in this figure) and contact 53 will be raised out of engagement with the plate 57. This results in sending out upon the main line 40, an impulse of opposite polarity to that of the preceding. The path of this impulse may be traced from the battery 46 through line 51, fork 52, contact 54, plate'56, contact 42, fork 41 to the main line 40 and to ground and return through line 59, line 58, plate 55, contact 50, fork 48, line 47 through the inductance coil 44* and line 45 to battery.

ln FigIG is shown a portion of an operating ribbon 61 in which the perforations are arranged so as to produce impulses of continuously inverted or reversed polarity of equal lengths and at equal intervals. In Fig. 7 is shownaportion of an operating ribbon (51 in which the perforations are arranged so as to produce impulses successively long and short and not of continuously inverted or reversed polarity. The operation of'the device in connection with these various forms of ribbon will be readily understood from the description of the operation of the device shown in Fig. 5 in connection with the description of the operation of the similar device shown in Figs. 1 and 2. 3

As many changes could be made in the above constructions and arrangements and many apparently widely different embodiments of my invention designed without departing from the scope of the appended claims, I intend that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative merely of operative embodiments of my invention and not in a limiting sense. 7

What I claim is: p 1. The herein described apparatus for the transmission of electrical impulses, comprising a main line, transmission apparatus comprising at least one local circuit including a source of electromotive force and an inductance coil, the self-inductance of which is so proportioned as to balance or neutralize the electro-static capacity of the main line and of predetermined output sufiicient for overcoming the ohmic resistance of the main line, and means adapted to impress an extra current upon the line Without opening the circuit of the line and for successively changing the direction of said extra current.

2. In combination with a main transmission line, transmission apparatus comprising at least 0 ne local circuitincluding a source of electromotive force and an inductance coil of predetermined output suflicient for overcoming the ohmic resistance of the main line and having its self-inductance so proportioned as to balance or neutralize the electro-static capacity of the main line, and means adapted to impress an extra current upon the line and for successively changing the direction of said extra current.

Means for transmitting electrical impulses, comprising a local circuit normally closed, a source of electromotive force in said local circuit, an adjustable inductance in series therewith, a condenser and a noninductive resistance connected in series with 'each other and in shunt with said adjustable inductance, and means for connecting said local circuit with a main line, for impressing discharges of opposite polarity or direction upon the said main line from the said inductance, for impressing a succession of operating impulses'npon themain line in one direction and for reversing the polarity and varying the characteristics of said impulses.

4. Means for transmitting electrical impulses, comprising a plurality of local circuits normally closed, each local circuit having a source of electromotive force and an adjustable inductance in series therewith, a

condenser and'a non-inductive resistance connected in series with each other and in cuit normally closed, a source of electro-' motive force in said local circuit, an adjustable inductance in series there vith, a condenser and a non i-nductive resistance connected in serie with each other and in shunt with said adjustable inductance, and

operating means adapted to connect said local circuit with. the main line and said inductance in series therewith successively, contacts adapted to be operated by said means, said means first operating contacts connecting said main line to ground and next operating contacts connecting said inductance to said main line.

6. In an apparatus for transmitting electrical impulses, in combination, a local circuit normally closed, a source of electromotive force in said local circuit, an adjustable inductance in series therewith, a condenser and a non-inductive resistance connected in series with each other and in shunt with said adjustable inductance, and operating means adapted to control the connections in said local circuit and to the main line, contacts adapted to be operated by said means, said operating means first operating contacts connecting said local circuit and main line to permita discharge in one direction or of one polarity thereupon and next operating other contacts to cause a discharge in the opposite direction or of opposite polarity.

7. In an apparatus for transmitting electrical impulses, in combination, a local circuit normally closed, a source of electromotive force in said local circuit, an adjustable inductance in series therewith, a condenser and a non-inductive resistance connected in series with each other and in shunt with said adjustable inductance, and operating means adapted to control the connections in said local circuit and to the main line, contacts adapted to be operated by said means, said operating means being controllable to operating contacts connecting said local circuit and main line to permit a discharge in one direction or of one polarity thereupon and next operating other contacts to cause a discharge in the opposite direction or of opposite polarity and also to operate contacts connecting said local circuit and .main line to cause successive discharges in the same direction or of the same polarity.

Signed at Washington, in the District of Columbia, this 27th day of October, 1914.

GIUSEPPE MUSSO. Witnesses:

FRANK E. Bnnsrro, JULIA M. WRENN. 

